เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	เทคนิคสปิน-เอคโคของ NMR	COSY
สาขาวิชา	สเปกโทรสโกปี	สเปกโทรสโกปี
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1950	1976
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Erwin Hahn	Wüthrich Kurt
ประเภท	Spectroscopic pulse sequence	Two-dimensional pulse sequence
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Hahn, E. L. (1950). Spin echoes. Physical Review, 80(4), 580-594.	Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	CPMG pulse sequence, spin-echo NMR	COSY NMR, 2D COSY, 1H-1H COSY
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	The spin-echo is a fundamental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequence technique introduced by Erwin Hahn in 1950. It uses a 90-degree radiofrequency pulse followed by a 180-degree refocusing pulse to create an echo, effectively reversing the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneities and allowing accurate measurement of spin relaxation properties. This technique is essential in modern NMR spectroscopy for both one-dimensional and multidimensional experiments.	Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) is a two-dimensional NMR technique that correlates proton chemical shifts through scalar coupling (J-coupling), revealing which protons are magnetically coupled and hence bonded through multiple bonds. Developed by Aue, Bartholdi, and Ernst in 1976, COSY became one of the most important tools in structural elucidation, enabling chemists to map out proton connectivity patterns and deduce molecular topology without isotopic labeling.