เปรียบเทียบวิธี
ดูวิธีที่เลือกเทียบกันแบบเคียงข้าง แถวที่ต่างกันจะถูกเน้นไว้
| Need for Closure Scale× | Motivated Reasoning Experiment× | |
|---|---|---|
| สาขาวิชา | จิตวิทยาการเมือง | จิตวิทยาการเมือง |
| ตระกูล | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| ปีกำเนิด≠ | 1994 | 2006 |
| ผู้ริเริ่ม≠ | Donna M. Webster & Arie W. Kruglanski | Charles Taber & Milton Lodge |
| ประเภท≠ | Self-report individual-difference scale | Survey/lab experiment |
| แหล่งต้นตำรับ≠ | Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1049-1062. DOI ↗ | Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 755-769. DOI ↗ |
| ชื่อเรียกอื่น | NFCS, Need for Cognitive Closure Scale, Webster-Kruglanski Scale | Directional Motivated Reasoning Study, Biased Assimilation Experiment, Disconfirmation Bias Paradigm |
| ที่เกี่ยวข้อง | 4 | 4 |
| สรุป≠ | The Need for Cognitive Closure Scale, developed by Webster and Kruglanski (1994), measures a stable individual difference in the desire for a firm, definite answer to a question and an aversion to ambiguity and uncertainty. High need for closure is a key epistemic-motivation construct in political psychology, linked to conservatism, prejudice, intolerance of dissent, and resistance to belief change. | A motivated reasoning experiment tests whether people process political information to reach conclusions they are directionally motivated to hold rather than the most accurate ones. Building on Kunda's (1990) theory and crystallized by Taber and Lodge (2006), these designs expose partisans to attitude-congruent and incongruent arguments and measure biased assimilation, disconfirmation bias, attitude polarization, and selective exposure. |
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