เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Motivated Reasoning Experiment	มาตรวัดอัตลักษณ์ทางการเมืองแบบพรรคพวก
สาขาวิชา	จิตวิทยาการเมือง	จิตวิทยาการเมือง
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2006	1960
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Charles Taber & Milton Lodge	Angus Campbell et al.
ประเภท	Survey/lab experiment	Self-report
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 755-769.	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Directional Motivated Reasoning Study, Biased Assimilation Experiment, Disconfirmation Bias Paradigm	PAS, Party Identification, Partisan Strength
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	3
สรุป	A motivated reasoning experiment tests whether people process political information to reach conclusions they are directionally motivated to hold rather than the most accurate ones. Building on Kunda's (1990) theory and crystallized by Taber and Lodge (2006), these designs expose partisans to attitude-congruent and incongruent arguments and measure biased assimilation, disconfirmation bias, attitude polarization, and selective exposure.	The Partisan Identity Scale measures strength and direction of psychological attachment to a political party, encompassing both party preference and emotional party identification. Foundational since Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960), the measure distinguishes party affiliation (which party one is registered with) from party identification (psychological identity with a party as a social group). Partisan identity is among the strongest predictors of voting behavior, political attitudes, and interpretation of political information, functioning as a 'perceptual filter' through which voters process news.