เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	มาตรวัดเหตุการณ์บาดเจ็บทางศีลธรรม (Moral Injury Events Scale - MIES)	Combat Exposure Scale (CES)
สาขาวิชา	จิตวิทยาการทหาร	จิตวิทยาการทหาร
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2013	1989
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Nash, Marino Carper, Mills, Au, Goldsmith, & Litz	Keane, Fairbank, Caddell, Zimering, Taylor, & Mora
ประเภท	Self-report	Self-report
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Nash, W. P., Marino Carper, T. L., Mills, M. A., Au, T. A., Goldsmith, A. A., & Litz, B. T. (2013). Psychometric evaluation of the Moral Injury Events Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 20(3), 249-263.	Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1(1), 53-55.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	MIES	CES, Keane Combat Exposure Scale
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	The MIES is a 9-item self-report measure assessing exposure to morally injurious events in military personnel. Developed by Nash and colleagues in 2013, it captures three dimensions: perpetration (committing acts that violate personal values), betrayal (witnessing leaders/unit members violate moral standards), and observed moral violations. The MIES measures moral injury burden distinct from PTSD and is increasingly used in veteran mental health screening and treatment.	The CES is a 7-item self-report measure of combat exposure developed by Keane and colleagues in 1989. It quantifies the frequency and intensity of combat experiences, including direct fire, causalities witnessed, and hazardous mission environments. It is widely used in veteran research and clinical screening to characterize trauma load and risk for PTSD.