เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Mixed-Use Index	Accessibility Analysis
สาขาวิชา	Urban Studies	Human Geography
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1997	1959
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Cervero & Kockelman (land-use diversity / 3Ds); Frank et al. (entropy walkability term)	Walter G. Hansen
ประเภท	Index of how evenly land uses are mixed within an area	Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2(3), 199–219.	Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Land-Use Mix Entropy, Land-Use Diversity Index, Herfindahl Land-Use Index, Entropy Land-Use Mix	Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	A mixed-use index measures how evenly different land uses — residential, retail, office, civic, industrial — are blended within an area, turning the planning ideal of vibrant, walkable mixed-use districts into a number. The dominant formulation borrows the entropy measure from information theory: a value near zero when one use dominates and near one when uses are perfectly balanced. Popularised through the 'density, diversity, design' framework of Cervero and Kockelman and embedded in walkability indices by Frank and colleagues, these indices quantify land-use diversity for studies of travel behaviour, walkability and urban vitality.	Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning.