เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	ระบบอินพุตเอาต์พุตหลายหน่วย (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output: MIMO)	โปรโตคอลการเข้าถึงแบบสุ่มแบบ Slotted ALOHA
สาขาวิชา	โทรคมนาคม	โทรคมนาคม
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1995	1970
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans	Norman Abramson and Lawrence Roberts
ประเภท	spatial multiplexing technique	random access protocol
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.	Roberts, L. G. (1975). ALOHA packet system with and without slots and capture. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 5(2), 28-42.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity	random access, medium access
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	3
สรุป	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.	Slotted ALOHA is a fundamental random access protocol enabling multiple devices to share a wireless channel without centralized coordination. Introduced by Abramson (1970) and refined by Roberts (1975), it divides time into fixed slots and allows devices to transmit at the beginning of a slot with a fixed probability. While simple and elegant, Slotted ALOHA achieves only 37% channel utilization under saturation (optimal traffic load), a fundamental limit discovered by Abramson. Despite this limitation, Slotted ALOHA remains a teaching tool and appears in modern systems like satellite and IoT networks.