เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	ระบบอินพุตเอาต์พุตหลายหน่วย (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output: MIMO)	แบบจำลองการแพร่กระจายคลื่นแบบ Ray Tracing
สาขาวิชา	โทรคมนาคม	โทรคมนาคม
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1995	1993
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans	Maciel, Bertoni, and Xia
ประเภท	spatial multiplexing technique	deterministic propagation algorithm
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.	Maciel, T. F., Bertoni, H. L., & Xia, H. H. (1993). Unified approach to prediction of propagation over buildings for all ranges of frequencies. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 42(1), 41-45.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity	deterministic propagation, site-specific modeling
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	4
สรุป	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.	Ray tracing is a deterministic propagation modeling technique for predicting electromagnetic field strength at specific locations. Instead of empirical formulas (like Okumura-Hata), ray tracing traces paths of electromagnetic energy as it reflects, diffracts, and scatters off buildings and terrain. With accurate 3D geometry and material properties, ray tracing predicts site-specific path loss, multipath delay profiles, and angle of arrival, making it ideal for detailed coverage planning, interference analysis, and system design. Ray tracing is now standard in professional cellular planning tools.