เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	รหัสตรวจสอบพาริตีแบบความหนาแน่นต่ำ (LDPC)	ระบบอินพุตเอาต์พุตหลายหน่วย (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output: MIMO)	การแบ่งความถี่แบบออร์โธโกนอล (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing - OFDM)	ทฤษฎีความจุช่องสัญญาณของแชนนอน
สาขาวิชา	โทรคมนาคม	โทรคมนาคม	โทรคมนาคม	โทรคมนาคม
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1962	1995	1971	1948
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Robert Gallager	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans	Weinstein and Ebert	Claude Shannon
ประเภท	linear error-correcting code	spatial multiplexing technique	multicarrier modulation scheme	fundamental theoretical bound
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Gallager, R. G. (1962). Low-density parity-check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21-28.	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.	Weinstein, S. B., & Ebert, P. M. (1971). Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 19(5), 628-634.	Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379-423.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	sparse codes, belief propagation codes	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity	multicarrier modulation	channel capacity, information theory bound
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	5	5	5
สรุป	LDPC codes, invented by Robert Gallager in 1962 and rediscovered in the 1990s by MacKay, are linear error-correcting codes defined by sparse parity-check matrices. They achieve performance within 0.4 dB of the Shannon limit with iterative belief-propagation decoding and have become the standard for modern wireless (WiFi-6, 5G NR, Digital Video Broadcasting). Unlike turbo codes, LDPC codes have a more elegant graph-theoretic structure and more mature theoretical analysis.	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.	OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique that divides a wideband channel into many narrowband orthogonal subcarriers. Introduced by Weinstein and Ebert in 1971, it exploits the duality between time and frequency domains to efficiently use spectrum while mitigating intersymbol interference in frequency-selective channels. OFDM is now the standard for high-speed wireless systems including WiFi, cellular LTE, and digital broadcasting.	Shannon's channel capacity theorem, published in 1948, establishes the maximum rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a noisy channel. Expressed as C = B log2(1 + S/N) for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), it is a fundamental bound in information theory and communications engineering. Shannon proved that reliable communication is possible at any rate below capacity, and impossible above it. This theorem underpins the design of all modern communication systems and motivates coding theory, modulation, and signal processing techniques.