เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Groningen Frailty Indicator	Vulnerable Elders Survey-13
สาขาวิชา	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
ตระกูล	Latent structure	Latent structure
ปีกำเนิด	2004	2001
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Nardi Steverink, Joris P. J. Slaets, Hanneke Schuurmans (University of Groningen)	Debra Saliba, Neil S. Wenger and colleagues (RAND / ACOVE project)
ประเภท	Self-report multidomain frailty screening questionnaire	Function-based vulnerability screening scale
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Schuurmans, H., Steverink, N., Lindenberg, S., Frieswijk, N., & Slaets, J. P. J. (2004). Old or Frail: What Tells Us More? The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 59(9), M962-M965.	Saliba, D., Elliott, M., Rubenstein, L. Z., Solomon, D. H., Young, R. T., Kamberg, C. J., Roth, C., MacLean, C. H., Shekelle, P. G., Sloss, E. M., & Wenger, N. S. (2001). The Vulnerable Elders Survey: A Tool for Identifying Vulnerable Older People in the Community. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49(12), 1691-1699.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	GFI, Groningen Frailty Index, GFI frailty screen	VES-13, Vulnerable Elders Survey, VES-13 screening tool
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3
สรุป	The Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) is a brief 15-item self-report screening instrument that measures frailty across four domains: physical, cognitive, social, and psychological. Developed at the University of Groningen by Nardi Steverink, Joris Slaets, and colleagues around the turn of the millennium and characterized in Schuurmans and colleagues' 2004 study 'Old or Frail: What Tells Us More?', the GFI was designed to identify older people whose vulnerability is better captured by accumulated functional losses than by chronological age alone. Each domain contributes items scored so that the presence of a problem adds a point, producing a total of 0–15, with a score of 4 or higher commonly taken to indicate frailty. The GFI is widely used in Dutch and European primary care and oncology to flag older patients for fuller geriatric evaluation.	The Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13) is a brief, function-based screening tool that identifies community-dwelling older adults at increased risk of health deterioration, functional decline, and death. Developed by Debra Saliba, Neil Wenger, and colleagues at RAND as part of the Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) project and published in 2001, the VES-13 scores 13 items spanning age, self-rated health, six physical-function tasks, and five activities of daily living. Points are weighted and summed to a maximum of 10, and a total of 3 or more classifies a person as 'vulnerable' — a status associated in the validation cohort with a roughly fourfold greater risk of functional decline or death over two years. It takes under five minutes, can be self-completed by phone or mail, and requires no clinician, which has made it a workhorse triage instrument in geriatrics and geriatric oncology.