เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การวิเคราะห์การตัดสินใจหลายเกณฑ์โดยใช้ระบบสารสนเทศภูมิศาสตร์ (GIS-MCDA)	กระบวนการวิเคราะห์ลำดับชั้น	การวิเคราะห์เส้นทางต้นทุนต่ำสุด / การวิเคราะห์ระยะทางต้นทุน	แบบจำลองการจัดสรรตำแหน่งที่ตั้ง (Location-Allocation Models)
สาขาวิชา	การวิเคราะห์เชิงพื้นที่	การตัดสินใจ	การวิเคราะห์เชิงพื้นที่	การวิเคราะห์เชิงพื้นที่
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	MCDM	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2006	1980	1994	1963
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Saaty, T. L.	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi
ประเภท	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Pairwise comparison (eigenvalue)	Raster cost-surface routing	Spatial facility-location optimization
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York ISBN: 978-0070543713	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	—	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	8	3	4
สรุป	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saaty, T. L. in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population.