เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	เรขาคณิตสัณฐานวิทยา	จำนวนชิ้นส่วนที่ระบุได้
สาขาวิชา	โบราณคดี	โบราณคดี
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1991	1971
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Fred Bookstein	R. E. Chaplin
ประเภท	Shape and form analysis	Faunal quantification method
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Bookstein, F. L. (1991). Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology. Cambridge University Press.	Chaplin, R. E. (1971). The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Seminar Press.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	shape analysis, morphometric analysis	NISP method, specimen count
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	Geometric morphometrics is a quantitative analytical method that captures, analyzes, and compares the shapes of biological structures (bones, teeth, pottery) using coordinate data from landmarks and outlines. Developed by Fred Bookstein in the 1990s, GMM provides a rigorous statistical framework for studying shape variation across populations or time periods. The method allows archaeologists to quantify morphological differences between individuals, populations, or artifact classes with precision impossible using traditional linear measurements.	Number of identified specimens (NISP) is a fundamental zooarchaeological method that quantifies the abundance of faunal remains by counting all identifiable bone fragments or specimens in an assemblage. Formalized by R. E. Chaplin and later refined by Donald Grayson and others, NISP is the most straightforward and widely used quantification metric in zooarchaeology. Despite its simplicity, NISP is sensitive to both cultural and taphonomic factors that affect preservation, fragmentation, and identification of bone assemblages.