เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การสำรวจธรณีวิทยา	การจำแนกประเภทมวลหิน
สาขาวิชา	ธรณีศาสตร์	ธรณีศาสตร์
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1799	1974
ผู้ริเริ่ม	William Smith	Bieniawski and Barton
ประเภท	regional geological documentation pipeline	engineering geology assessment pipeline
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Compton, R. R. (1962). Manual of Field Geology. John Wiley & Sons.	Bieniawski, Z. T. (1989). Engineering Rock Mass Classifications. John Wiley & Sons.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	field mapping, geological surveying, lithostratigraphic mapping	RMR system, Q-system classification, rock quality designation
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	Geologic mapping is the systematic observation and documentation of rock types, structures, and relationships exposed on the land surface. Pioneered by William Smith in 1799, this foundational field method remains essential for understanding subsurface geology, economic geology, hazard assessment, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Modern mapping integrates field observations with satellite imagery, digital logs, and GIS technology to create comprehensive three-dimensional geological frameworks.	Rock mass classification is the systematic assessment of rock quality and mechanical behavior in engineering geology, combining field observations of jointing, weathering, and strength into a numerical index. Pioneered by Bieniawski (RMR system, 1974) and Barton (Q-system, 1974), these methods enable rapid site assessment and guide design of excavations, dams, and slopes. Classification bridges the gap between small laboratory samples and large field-scale behavior.