เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	แผนที่ความคิดพร่ามัว (Fuzzy Cognitive Maps - FCM)	ทฤษฎีหลักฐานของ Dempster-Shafer
สาขาวิชา	การคำนวณแบบอ่อน	การคำนวณแบบอ่อน
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
ปีกำเนิด	1986	1976
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Bart Kosko	Arthur P. Dempster & Glenn Shafer
ประเภท	Fuzzy causal/feedback network for scenario analysis	Uncertainty calculus for combining evidence
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Kosko, B. (1986). Fuzzy cognitive maps. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 24(1), 65–75.	Dempster, A. P. (1967). Upper and lower probabilities induced by a multivalued mapping. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 38(2), 325–339.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	FCM, Kosko cognitive map, causal cognitive map, bulanık bilişsel haritalar	evidence theory, belief functions, evidential reasoning, Dempster-Shafer kanıt teorisi
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	A fuzzy cognitive map, introduced by Bart Kosko in 1986, represents a system as a network of concepts connected by signed, weighted causal links, and simulates how the concepts influence one another over time. By combining the intuitive structure of a cognitive map with fuzzy weights and iterative activation, FCMs let experts encode causal knowledge and then run what-if scenarios — making them popular for policy analysis, strategic decision-making, and modelling complex socio-technical systems.	Dempster-Shafer theory is a mathematical framework for reasoning under uncertainty that generalizes Bayesian probability by representing ignorance explicitly. Instead of forcing a single probability on each hypothesis, it assigns belief mass to sets of hypotheses and derives a belief-plausibility interval, and it provides Dempster's rule for fusing evidence from multiple independent sources. Developed from Arthur Dempster's 1967 work and Glenn Shafer's 1976 monograph, it underpins evidential reasoning and sensor/decision fusion.