เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I)	Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)	ดัชนี Katz of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
สาขาวิชา	การพยาบาล	การพยาบาล	การพยาบาล
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2005	2005	1963
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Lucy Yardley	Kenneth Rockwood	Sidney Katz
ประเภท	Patient self-report questionnaire	Clinician-rated frailty assessment	Clinician-rated or observational functional assessment
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Yardley, L., Beyer, N., Eklund, K., et al. (2005). Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Age Ageing, 34(6), 614-619.	Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., et al. (2005). A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ, 173(5), 489-495.	Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of Illness in the Aged: The Index of ADL, a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185(12), 914-919.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	FES-I, International Falls Efficacy Scale, Falls Self-Efficacy	CFS, Frailty Scale, Clinical Frailty Assessment	Katz Index, Katz ADL Scale, Index of ADL
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3	3
สรุป	The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), developed by Lucy Yardley and colleagues in 2005, is a validated tool measuring fear of falling and confidence in balance in older adults and others at risk of falls. The 16-item scale assesses how confident a person feels performing daily activities without falling (self-efficacy for fall avoidance). Fear of falling is not anxiety disorder but a rational concern that, if excessive, can lead to activity restriction, deconditioning, and further fall risk. The FES-I is used internationally in clinical practice and research to identify patients at risk for this vicious cycle and guide fall prevention interventions.	The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), developed by Kenneth Rockwood and colleagues in 2005, is a brief, validated tool for assessing frailty in older adults. Frailty—a syndrome of diminished physiologic reserve, increased vulnerability, and reduced functional ability—is recognized as a distinct clinical state that predicts mortality, disability, and healthcare utilization independent of age and comorbidities. The CFS uses a seven-point (or nine-point in later versions) clinical judgment-based scale, making it practical and rapid for bedside use in hospitals, clinics, and long-term care.	The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, developed by Sidney Katz and colleagues in 1963, is one of the earliest and most widely used tools for assessing functional status in older adults and persons with chronic illness. The scale evaluates six essential self-care activities (bathing, dressing, toileting, transfer, continence, feeding) through direct observation or interview and assigns an overall grade (A through G) reflecting the degree of independence. It remains a foundational instrument in geriatric assessment, rehabilitation medicine, and long-term care settings.