เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Exposome-Wide Association Study	Area Deprivation Index
สาขาวิชา	Social Epidemiology	Social Epidemiology
ตระกูล	Regression model	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2010	2003
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Chirag J. Patel, Jayanta Bhattacharya & Atul J. Butte (ExWAS); Christopher P. Wild (exposome concept)	Gopal K. Singh; Amy J. H. Kind & William R. Buckingham (Neighborhood Atlas)
ประเภท	Agnostic high-throughput association scan over many environmental exposures	Composite area-level socioeconomic deprivation index
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Patel, C. J., Bhattacharya, J., & Butte, A. J. (2010). An Environment-Wide Association Study (EWAS) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PLoS ONE, 5(5), e10746.	Singh, G. K. (2003). Area Deprivation and Widening Inequalities in US Mortality, 1969-1998. American Journal of Public Health, 93(7), 1137-1143.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	ExWAS, Environment-Wide Association Study, EWAS (environmental), Agnostic Exposure Scan	ADI, Neighborhood Deprivation Index, Singh Area Deprivation Index, Neighborhood Atlas ADI
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	4
สรุป	An exposome-wide association study (ExWAS), originally introduced as the Environment-Wide Association Study, applies the logic of the genome-wide association study to the environment. Where a GWAS scans hundreds of thousands of genetic variants for association with a trait, an ExWAS scans a broad panel of measured environmental exposures — nutrients, pollutants, chemical biomarkers, infectious markers, and behaviors — against a health outcome, fitting one adjusted regression per exposure and then rigorously controlling the multiple-testing burden across the whole set. The approach was demonstrated by Chirag Patel, Jayanta Bhattacharya, and Atul Butte in 2010 on type 2 diabetes using NHANES data, and it operationalizes Christopher Wild's 2005 concept of the 'exposome': the totality of environmental exposures complementing the genome. ExWAS turns environmental epidemiology from a one-exposure-at-a-time enterprise into a systematic, hypothesis-generating discovery scan.	The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) summarizes the socioeconomic disadvantage of a small geographic area, such as a census block group, into a single rankable score built from census indicators of income, education, employment, and housing. Gopal Singh constructed the modern US version in 2003, combining seventeen census measures with factor-analytic weights to show that area deprivation gradients in US mortality widened substantially between 1969 and 1998. Amy Kind and William Buckingham later made the index broadly usable through the Neighborhood Atlas, which publishes ADI rankings (national percentiles and state deciles) at the block-group level so researchers and clinicians can attach a neighborhood-disadvantage value to any address. The ADI sits alongside relatives such as the British Townsend and Carstairs indices in a family of composite area-deprivation measures.