เปรียบเทียบวิธี
ดูวิธีที่เลือกเทียบกันแบบเคียงข้าง แถวที่ต่างกันจะถูกเน้นไว้
| การประเมินผลกระทบสิ่งแวดล้อม× | การบำบัดดิน× | |
|---|---|---|
| สาขาวิชา | วิศวกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม | วิศวกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม |
| ตระกูล | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| ปีกำเนิด≠ | 1970 | 1983 |
| ผู้ริเริ่ม≠ | U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) | EPA and state environmental agencies |
| ประเภท≠ | systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline | technology selection and design pipeline |
| แหล่งต้นตำรับ≠ | Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910 | Twardowska, I., Allen, H. E., Häggblom, M. M., & Stefaniak, S. (Eds.). (2004). Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1402003349 |
| ชื่อเรียกอื่น | EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment | soil cleanup, contaminated land treatment, remedial technologies, soil restoration |
| ที่เกี่ยวข้อง≠ | 4 | 3 |
| สรุป≠ | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection. | Soil remediation encompasses a suite of technologies and strategies to treat contaminated soil at sites with elevated levels of organic compounds, heavy metals, radionuclides, or other hazardous substances. Systematized by the US EPA in the 1980s following industrial accidents and legacy contamination discoveries, soil remediation methods range from in situ (biological, chemical, thermal) to ex situ (excavation, treatment, off-site disposal) approaches. The selection process integrates site characterization, contaminant bioavailability, regulatory risk thresholds, and cost-benefit analysis. |
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