เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การทดสอบพิษวิทยาเชิงนิเวศ	การบำบัดดิน
สาขาวิชา	วิศวกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม	วิศวกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1975	1983
ผู้ริเริ่ม	EPA and OECD	EPA and state environmental agencies
ประเภท	experimental measurement and analysis pipeline	technology selection and design pipeline
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	OECD. (2011). Test Guidelines for Chemicals. OECD Publishing.	Twardowska, I., Allen, H. E., Häggblom, M. M., & Stefaniak, S. (Eds.). (2004). Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1402003349
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	toxicity testing, aquatic bioassay, ecotoxicity assessment, organism exposure testing	soil cleanup, contaminated land treatment, remedial technologies, soil restoration
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3
สรุป	Ecotoxicological testing is a suite of standardized laboratory and field methods to assess the toxicity of chemical substances to aquatic and terrestrial organisms (fish, invertebrates, algae, plants, soil fauna). Developed by regulatory agencies (OECD, EPA, EMEA) since the 1970s, these tests measure lethal concentration (LC50, EC50) and sublethal endpoints (growth, reproduction, behavior) under controlled conditions. Ecotoxicological data support chemical hazard classification, environmental risk assessment, and regulatory approval of new substances.	Soil remediation encompasses a suite of technologies and strategies to treat contaminated soil at sites with elevated levels of organic compounds, heavy metals, radionuclides, or other hazardous substances. Systematized by the US EPA in the 1980s following industrial accidents and legacy contamination discoveries, soil remediation methods range from in situ (biological, chemical, thermal) to ex situ (excavation, treatment, off-site disposal) approaches. The selection process integrates site characterization, contaminant bioavailability, regulatory risk thresholds, and cost-benefit analysis.