เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การตอบคำถามแบบปรับตามโดเมน	การตอบคำถามหลายภาษา
สาขาวิชา	การเรียนรู้เชิงลึก	การเรียนรู้เชิงลึก
ตระกูล	Machine learning	Machine learning
ปีกำเนิด	2019–2020	2018–2020
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Multiple (e.g., Garg et al.; Yue et al.)	Multiple groups; popularised via mBERT (Devlin et al., 2019) and XLM-R (Conneau et al., 2020)
ประเภท	Domain adaptation for extractive/generative QA	Extractive / generative QA across multiple languages
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Garg, S., Vu, T., & Moschitti, A. (2020). TANDA: Transfer and Adapt Pre-Trained Transformer Models for Answer Sentence Selection. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 34(5), 7780–7788.	Artetxe, M., Ruder, S., & Yogatama, D. (2020). On the cross-lingual transferability of monolingual representations. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 4623–4637). ACL.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	DA-QA, domain-adapted QA, domain-specific question answering, cross-domain question answering	cross-lingual question answering, multilingual QA, multilingual MRC, cross-lingual machine reading comprehension
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	6	4
สรุป	Domain-adaptive Question Answering (DA-QA) adapts a pre-trained language model — typically BERT or RoBERTa — first trained on general QA benchmarks such as SQuAD to answer questions accurately in a new target domain (e.g., biomedical, legal, financial) where labelled data is scarce. Combining domain-adaptive pre-training with task fine-tuning yields substantially stronger performance than direct fine-tuning alone.	Multilingual question answering (QA) enables a model to read a passage and answer questions in multiple languages, often by fine-tuning a cross-lingual pretrained transformer such as mBERT or XLM-R on an annotated QA dataset in one language and transferring that capability zero-shot or few-shot to other languages. It is the standard approach for building multilingual reading-comprehension and open-domain QA systems.