เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Direct Standardization	Indirect Standardization
สาขาวิชา	ประชากรศาสตร์	ประชากรศาสตร์
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	2001	2001
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Classical demographic method (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)	Classical demographic method (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)
ประเภท	Rate adjustment by reweighting to a standard population	Rate adjustment using a standard schedule of group-specific rates
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Directly standardized rate, Age-standardized rate, Direct method of standardization, Doğrudan Standardizasyon	Indirect method of standardization, Standardized mortality ratio, SMR method, Dolaylı Standardizasyon
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	4	4
สรุป	Direct standardization is a demographic technique that makes summary rates comparable across populations by applying each population's group-specific rates — most often age-specific death or disease rates — to a single, common standard population structure. The resulting directly standardized rate answers a counterfactual question: what would the crude rate be if every population had the same age (or other) composition? It removes the confounding effect of differing population structure so that genuine differences in underlying risk can be compared on a level footing.	Indirect standardization is a demographic technique for comparing summary rates when a study population's own group-specific rates are too sparse to be reliable. Instead of reweighting the study population's rates, it applies a trusted standard schedule of group-specific rates to the study population's own structure to compute the number of events that would be expected. The ratio of observed to expected events — the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) — measures how the study population's risk compares with the standard, adjusted for its composition.