เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การคุ้มครองข้อมูลและความเป็นส่วนตัวในการวิจัย	กระบวนการยื่นคำร้องต่อคณะกรรมการจริยธรรม
สาขาวิชา	จริยธรรมการวิจัย	จริยธรรมการวิจัย
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1996	1991
ผู้ริเริ่ม	European Union; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; International research ethics community	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; International research oversight organizations
ประเภท	Regulation	Guideline
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	European Union. (2018). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Official Journal of the European Union, L 119, 1-88.	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). Protection of Human Subjects. Code of Federal Regulations Title 45, Part 46, Section 46.109.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	research privacy, GDPR research, data security, confidentiality	IRB application, REC application, ethics approval, protocol submission
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	5
สรุป	Research involving human subjects generates sensitive data: medical records, genetic information, behavioral responses, economic or social information. Regulatory frameworks—HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) in the U.S., GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) in the European Union, and parallel regulations in other countries—establish legal obligations for data protection and privacy. Researchers must implement technical and procedural safeguards to prevent unauthorized access, maintain confidentiality, and comply with participant rights (access, rectification, deletion, data portability). Understanding data protection requirements is not optional compliance; it is foundational to ethical research.	Submitting a research protocol to an ethics committee (IRB, REC, or equivalent) is a mandatory procedural gateway in human subjects research. The application process requires researchers to document their study design, justify scientific rationale, disclose risks and benefits, provide participant protections (informed consent forms), and address ethical considerations. The submission includes a completed ethics application form, protocol document, consent forms, researcher CVs, and evidence of institutional support. This standardized process enables ethics committees to conduct rigorous, timely, and consistent review before research commences.