เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การทดลองแบบสุ่มกลุ่ม (Cluster Randomized Trial)	การทดลองทางคลินิกเชิงปฏิบัติ
สาขาวิชา	การวิจัยทางคลินิก	การวิจัยทางคลินิก
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1999-2000	2009-2015
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Campbell, Grimshaw, Elbourne et al.	Thorpe et al. (2009); PRECIS framework developed by international consortia
ประเภท	Research Design	Research Design
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Campbell, M. K., Grimshaw, J. M., & Elbourne, D. R. (2000). Intracluster correlation coefficients in cluster randomized trials: empirical insights into how should they be reported. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 4, 30.	Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Tugwell, P. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. CMAJ, 180(10), E47–E57.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	CRT, cluster RCT, cluster trial, group randomization	pragmatic trial, real-world trial, effectiveness trial, PRECIS-2
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	4
สรุป	A cluster randomized trial (CRT) randomizes intact groups—schools, clinics, villages, or hospital wards—rather than individuals. Developed by Campbell, Grimshaw, and colleagues in the late 1990s to address real-world settings where intervention delivery or contamination occurs at the group level, CRTs are now standard for evaluating population-level, community-based, and policy interventions.	A pragmatic trial is designed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of an intervention in typical clinical settings with diverse, representative patients, minimal exclusion criteria, and clinically relevant outcomes. Developed by Thorpe and colleagues (2009) and formalized via the PRECIS-2 framework (2015), pragmatic trials bridge the gap between explanatory efficacy trials (conducted in controlled research settings) and implementation science, answering the question 'Does this work in actual clinical practice?' rather than 'Can this work under ideal conditions?'