เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	การวิเคราะห์แกนควบแน่นของเมฆ	ทฤษฎี Köhler	แบบจำลอง WRF
สาขาวิชา	อุตุนิยมวิทยา	อุตุนิยมวิทยา	อุตุนิยมวิทยา
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1959	1936	2000
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Twomey, Woodard	Hilding Kohler	Skamarock and Klemp
ประเภท	Cloud microphysical measurement	Thermodynamic equilibrium framework	Atmospheric simulation system
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Dusek, U., Frank, G. P., Hildebrandt, L., et al. (2006). Size matters more than chemistry for cloud-nucleating ability of aerosol particles. Science, 312(5778), 1375-1378.	Köhler, H. (1936). The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 32, 1152-1161.	Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., et al. (2008). A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	CCN analysis, Cloud condensation nuclei, CCN measurement	Kohler theory, Kohler equilibrium, Cloud droplet nucleation	Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF, ARW, NMM
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3	4
สรุป	Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) analysis examines the number and properties of aerosol particles capable of nucleating cloud droplets at various supersaturation levels. This field involves measuring CCN concentrations, characterizing their chemical composition and size, and relating aerosol properties to cloud microphysical processes.	Köhler theory is a foundational framework in cloud microphysics that predicts the equilibrium supersaturation required for an aerosol particle of given size and composition to grow into a cloud droplet. Published in 1936 by Hilding Köhler, it combines the Kelvin effect (vapor pressure enhancement over curved surfaces) with the Raoult effect (vapor pressure depression from dissolved solute) to explain cloud droplet formation.	The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a mesoscale atmospheric simulation system used for weather forecasting, research, and climate applications. Developed cooperatively by NCAR, NOAA, and academic institutions, WRF became operational in 2004 and has become one of the most widely used atmospheric models worldwide.