เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	มาตรวัดภาวะซึมเศร้าของศูนย์ระบาดวิทยา (CES-D)	แบบสอบถามสุขภาพทั่วไป-12 (GHQ-12)
สาขาวิชา	จิตวิทยาคลินิก	จิตวิทยาคลินิก
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1977	1992
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	David P. Goldberg
ประเภท	Community-based depression assessment	Psychiatric symptom screening
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	CES-D, CESD	GHQ-12, GHQ
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	5	5
สรุป	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.