เปรียบเทียบวิธี

	Affective Priming Task	Evaluative Priming	Goal Priming Paradigm
สาขาวิชา	จิตวิทยาสังคม	จิตวิทยาสังคม	จิตวิทยาสังคม
ตระกูล	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
ปีกำเนิด	1994	1986	1996
ผู้ริเริ่ม	Dirk Hermans, Jan De Houwer & Paul Eelen	Russell H. Fazio and colleagues	John Bargh and colleagues
ประเภท	Reaction-time automatic evaluation paradigm	Reaction-time implicit attitude paradigm	Experimental priming of goals/constructs on behavior
แหล่งต้นตำรับ	Hermans, D., De Houwer, J., & Eelen, P. (1994). The affective priming effect: Automatic activation of evaluative information in memory. Cognition and Emotion, 8(6), 515-533.	Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 229-238.	Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 230-244.
ชื่อเรียกอื่น	Affective Priming Paradigm, Naming Affective Priming, Pronunciation Priming Task	Automatic Evaluation Task, Fazio Priming Task, Bona Fide Pipeline	Automatic Goal Activation, Behavior Priming, Construct Priming
ที่เกี่ยวข้อง	3	3	3
สรุป	The affective priming task, developed by Hermans, De Houwer, and Eelen in 1994, demonstrates that stimulus evaluation is automatic and goal-independent. Like evaluative priming it pairs a valenced prime with a valenced target, but instead of asking participants to judge the target's valence it asks them simply to pronounce or name the target aloud as fast as possible. Targets are named faster when preceded by an affectively congruent prime than an incongruent one, even though the naming task never requires evaluating valence. This is a crucial theoretical point: because evaluation facilitates responding even when it is irrelevant to the task, the affective reaction must be triggered automatically and unintentionally. The naming variant became an important tool for distinguishing genuinely automatic evaluation from response-competition artifacts that can arise in valence-classification tasks.	Evaluative priming, introduced by Fazio and colleagues in 1986, is the foundational reaction-time paradigm for measuring automatic attitudes. On each trial an attitude object (the prime) is briefly presented and is quickly followed by a clearly positive or negative target word that the participant categorizes as 'good' or 'bad' as fast as possible. When the prime and target share the same valence -- a liked object followed by a positive word -- responses are faster; when they mismatch, responses slow. This congruency effect reveals that merely seeing an attitude object automatically activates its associated evaluation, which then facilitates or interferes with judging the target. Because the attitude is inferred from response speed rather than self-report, evaluative priming gives a window onto spontaneous evaluations and became, in its 'bona fide pipeline' form, an early standard for measuring implicit attitudes including racial prejudice.	The goal priming paradigm tests whether activating a mental construct -- a trait concept, stereotype, or goal -- outside of awareness can directly shape subsequent behavior. In the classic demonstrations by Bargh, Chen, and Burrows in 1996, participants completed a seemingly unrelated language task containing words related to rudeness, politeness, or the elderly stereotype; afterward, primed participants behaved in line with the construct -- interrupting more, waiting longer, or walking more slowly -- without any awareness that the prime had influenced them. The paradigm extended the logic of priming from judgments to overt action, supporting the idea that much social behavior can be automatically guided by environmentally activated goals and constructs. It became a centerpiece of theories of automaticity, while also, in the 2010s, a focal point of replication debates that reshaped methodological standards in the field.