Linganisha mbinu

	Ufuatiliaji wa Magonjwa ya Zoonotiki	Upimaji wa Usikivu wa Antimikrobioli katika Tiba ya Mifugo
Nyanja	Tiba ya Mifugo	Tiba ya Mifugo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1900s-present	1960s-present
Mwanzilishi	Veterinary epidemiology and public health	Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and veterinary microbiology
Aina	Population-level monitoring pipeline	Diagnostic laboratory pipeline
Chanzo asilia	Kahn, C. M. (Ed.). (2002). The Merck Veterinary Manual (9th ed.). Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck.	Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). (2023). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated from Animals (CLSI M100, 4th ed., Veterinary Supplement). Wayne, PA: CLSI.
Majina mbadala	disease monitoring, epidemiological surveillance, public health surveillance	antibiotic sensitivity testing, MIC determination, resistance profiling
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	Zoonotic disease surveillance is a systematic population-level monitoring approach that detects, tracks, and analyzes cases of infectious diseases transmissible between animals and humans. Formalized through veterinary epidemiology and integrated with public health systems since the early 1900s, modern surveillance programs employ case detection networks, laboratory confirmation, and data sharing to enable early warning of emerging threats and coordinated disease prevention across animal and human sectors.	Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is a systematic in vitro laboratory method that determines which antimicrobial agents are effective against an isolated bacterial or fungal pathogen. Standardized by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and other regulatory bodies since the 1960s, AST guides targeted therapeutic decisions, supports infection control, and generates epidemiological data on resistance patterns essential for combating antimicrobial resistance in animal populations.