Linganisha mbinu

	Zero-Based Budgeting	Public Procurement Performance Analysis
Nyanja	Public Administration	Public Administration
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1970	2018
Mwanzilishi	Peter A. Pyhrr	OECD & World Bank (MAPS framework)
Aina	Budgeting methodology	Performance assessment framework
Chanzo asilia	Pyhrr, P. A. (1970). Zero-Base Budgeting. Harvard Business Review, 48(6), 111–121.	OECD. Public Procurement: principles, indicators and performance resources. Paris: OECD.
Majina mbadala	ZBB, Zero-Base Budgeting, Decision-Package Budgeting, Build-From-Zero Budgeting	Procurement Performance Measurement, Public Purchasing Performance Analysis, Procurement KPI Analysis, Public Contracting Performance Assessment
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Zero-based budgeting is a method of preparing a budget in which every activity must be justified from scratch each cycle rather than inheriting the previous year's allocation as a baseline. Developed by Peter Pyhrr at Texas Instruments and described in his 1970 Harvard Business Review article and 1973 book, it breaks the organisation into decision units, builds 'decision packages' that describe each activity at alternative funding levels, ranks all packages by priority, and funds them in order until the budget is exhausted. In government it was famously adopted by the State of Georgia under Governor Jimmy Carter and later promoted federally, as a counter to incremental budgeting's automatic perpetuation of past spending.	Public procurement performance analysis is the systematic measurement and evaluation of how well a government's purchasing system delivers value for money, efficiency, competition, compliance and integrity. Because procurement typically accounts for a large share of public spending — around a third of government expenditure in many OECD countries — even modest improvements yield substantial returns. The discipline computes key performance indicators from tender and contract data, benchmarks them against peers and standards, and flags risks such as collusion or corruption. Internationally it is structured by the OECD's procurement principles and the World Bank and OECD's Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems (MAPS).