Linganisha mbinu

	WHOQOL-BREF	EQ-5D	PROMIS	SF-12 Afya Survey
Nyanja	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1998	1990	2010	1996
Mwanzilishi	World Health Organization Quality of Life Group	EuroQol Group	National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)	John E. Ware Jr., Mark Kosinski, and Susan Keller
Aina	Multidimensional quality of life assessment	Generic preference-based health utility measure	Computer-adaptive testing and fixed-length patient-reported outcome measures	Brief self-report health status instrument
Chanzo asilia	The WHOQOL Group. (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 551–558.	Rabin, R., & de Charro, F. (2001). EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group. Annals of Medicine, 33(5), 337–343.	Cella, D., Yount, S., Rothrock, N., et al. (2010). The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first two years. Medical Care, 45(Suppl 1), S3–S11.	Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1996). A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34(3), 220–233.
Majina mbadala	WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire, WHO Quality of Life-BREF	EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol	PROMIS measures, NIH PROMIS, Computer Adaptive Testing PROMIS	SF-12v2, Medical Outcomes Study SF-12
Zinazohusiana	5	5	5	4
Muhtasari	The WHOQOL-BREF is the brief version of the World Health Organization's quality of life assessment, developed by the WHO Quality of Life Group and published in 1998. It measures quality of life across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains in a single 26-item self-report questionnaire. It has become the primary quality of life instrument in global health research and clinical practice.	The EQ-5D is a standardized, preference-based health utility measure developed by the EuroQol Group in 1990. It combines a descriptive health profile (five dimensions, three or five response levels) with a visual analog scale to quantify overall health status. The instrument has become essential for health economics, clinical trials, and cost-effectiveness analysis worldwide.	The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a comprehensive, flexible system of patient-reported outcome measures developed by the National Institutes of Health. Launched in 2010, PROMIS measures health across multiple domains using both fixed-item forms and computer-adaptive testing (CAT). It has become the gold standard for outcomes measurement in clinical trials and health systems research.	The SF-12 is a brief, 12-item version of the SF-36 health survey developed by Ware, Kosinski, and Keller in 1996. Designed to reduce respondent burden while maintaining psychometric validity, it has become the standard instrument for large-scale surveys, epidemiological studies, and health outcomes research where administration time is critical.