Linganisha mbinu

	Uchimbaji wa Wavuti	Utafiti wa Utafiti Mtandaoni
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	Late 1990s–2000s	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
Mwanzilishi	Early internet practitioners; systematised in research contexts from the late 1990s onward	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
Aina	Automated digital data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
Chanzo asilia	Mitchell, R. (2018). Web Scraping with Python: Collecting More Data from the Modern Web (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. ISBN: 978-1491985571	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
Majina mbadala	web harvesting, screen scraping, web crawling, automated data extraction	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	Web scraping is a computational data collection technique in which software automatically retrieves and extracts structured or semi-structured content from websites. Widely used in social science, computational linguistics, economics, and information science, it enables researchers to assemble large datasets from publicly accessible web sources — such as news archives, social media platforms, government portals, and online marketplaces — that would be impractical to collect manually.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.