Linganisha mbinu

	Mofometria Inayotegemea Vokseli	Uchanganuzi wa Kimuundo wa Milongozo (SEM)
Nyanja	Upigaji Picha wa Ubongo	Takwimu za Utafiti
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000	1921
Mwanzilishi	John Ashburner	Sewall Wright
Aina	Structural MRI gray matter analysis pipeline	Method
Chanzo asilia	Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (2000). Voxel-based morphometry—the methods. NeuroImage, 11(6), 805–821.	Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1973). LISREL: A general computer program for estimating a linear structural equation system. Research Bulletin 73-5. University of Stockholm.
Majina mbadala	VBM, grey matter morphometry	SEM, path analysis, latent variable modeling, causal modeling
Zinazohusiana	2	3
Muhtasari	Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) is a whole-brain statistical technique for detecting local differences in gray matter volume or concentration from structural MRI. Introduced by John Ashburner and Karl Friston in 2000, VBM enables researchers to identify regional brain volume changes associated with disease, aging, learning, and other factors without requiring a priori region-of-interest definitions.	Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a comprehensive statistical framework combining path analysis (Sewall Wright, 1921) and confirmatory factor analysis to test complex causal models linking observed and latent variables. Formalized by Jöreskog (1973) with LISREL software, SEM enables simultaneous estimation of measurement relationships (how variables measure latent constructs) and structural relationships (how constructs influence outcomes), making it powerful for theory testing in psychology, epidemiology, organizational research, and health sciences where complex mediation, moderation, and latent processes require integrated analysis.