Linganisha mbinu

	Visual Framing Analysis	Multimodal Content Analysis
Nyanja	Communication	Communication
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2011	2006
Mwanzilishi	Visual framing scholarship (Rodriguez & Dimitrova; Messaris & Abraham)	Multimodality theory (Kress & van Leeuwen)
Aina	Analysis of how images frame issues through selection and emphasis	Analysis of meaning across multiple modes (text, image, sound, layout)
Chanzo asilia	Rodriguez, L., & Dimitrova, D. V. (2011). The levels of visual framing. Journal of Visual Literacy, 30(1), 48–65.	Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN: 9780415319157
Majina mbadala	Visual frame analysis, Image framing analysis, Levels of visual framing, Görsel Çerçeveleme Analizi	Multimodal analysis, Multimodal discourse analysis (content), Text-image-sound content analysis, Çok Kipli İçerik Analizi
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Visual framing analysis examines how images — photographs, video stills, infographics — frame an issue by selecting and emphasizing certain aspects of reality, just as verbal frames do. Building on framing theory and the multi-level model articulated by Rodriguez and Dimitrova, it interprets visuals across levels from what is literally depicted to the ideological meanings they carry, recognizing that images frame powerfully and often covertly.	Multimodal content analysis studies how communication makes meaning through the combination of several modes at once — written and spoken language, images, layout, color, gesture, music, and sound. Grounded in the social-semiotic theory of Kress and van Leeuwen, it analyzes each mode by its own meaning-making resources and, crucially, how the modes work together, since modern media messages are rarely text alone.