Linganisha mbinu

	Visual Elicitation Institutional Ethnography	Uchanganuzi wa Wigo
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s–2010s (integration period; IE roots ~1987, photo elicitation ~1967)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)
Mwanzilishi	Dorothy E. Smith (IE); Douglas Harper (photo elicitation); integration developed by feminist and critical ethnographers in the 2000s–2010s	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell
Aina	Qualitative multimodal research design	Method
Chanzo asilia	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
Majina mbadala	photo elicitation IE, visual IE, image-based institutional ethnography, visual data institutional ethnography	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis
Zinazohusiana	5	2
Muhtasari	Visual elicitation institutional ethnography (IE) integrates photo or image elicitation techniques into Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography framework. Participants produce or select photographs and other visual materials that represent their everyday experience within an institution; these images then anchor in-depth interviews that surface the ruling relations — texts, policies, and organizational discourses — that coordinate people's work and lives from outside their immediate standpoint.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.