Linganisha mbinu

	VIA Inventory of Strengths	Kipimo cha Matumaini ya Kudumu kwa Watu Wazima
Nyanja	Saikolojia Chanya	Saikolojia Chanya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2004	1991
Mwanzilishi	Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman	C. Rick Snyder
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press.	Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., ... & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585.
Majina mbadala	VIA Character Strengths, VIA-IS	Hope Scale, Adult Hope Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Values in Action (VIA) Inventory of Strengths, developed by Peterson and Seligman in 2004, is a comprehensive instrument designed to identify and measure 24 core character strengths organized under six virtues. Grounded in ancient philosophy and contemporary psychology, the VIA shifts the focus from deficits and pathology to human strengths and positive potential. It exists in multiple versions (full 240-item VIA-240, brief 96-item VIA-96, and mobile-optimized formats), making it accessible for research, clinical practice, coaching, and organizational development.	The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, developed by C. Rick Snyder in 1991, is a 12-item measure assessing hope as a cognitive motivational system composed of two independent dimensions: Agency (the motivation and determination to pursue goals) and Pathways (the ability to generate routes to achieve those goals). Grounded in hope theory, the scale operationalizes hope not as wishful thinking but as an actionable psychological state combining goal-directed determination with flexible problem-solving.