Linganisha mbinu

	Usimamizi wa Hisa na Muuzaji	Upangaji Jumuishi
Nyanja	Usimamizi wa Uendeshaji	Usimamizi wa Uendeshaji
Familia	Machine learning	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	2006	1992
Mwanzilishi	Disney, S. M., & Towill, D. R.	Wallace, T. F.
Aina	Business and inventory model	Demand-supply planning framework
Chanzo asilia	Disney, S. M., & Towill, D. R. (2006). Vendor-managed inventory: A taxonomy of approaches and implications. International Journal of Production Economics, 106(2), 440-456.	Wallace, T. F. (1992). Sales & Operations Planning: The how-to handbook. Cincinnati: APICS Publications.
Majina mbadala	VMI, supplier-managed inventory	sales and operations planning, production planning
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) is a supply chain arrangement in which the supplier (vendor) has visibility into the customer's inventory levels and assumes responsibility for replenishing inventory to pre-agreed levels. Rather than customers placing orders based on internal forecasts, the supplier monitors actual consumption and triggers replenishment shipments automatically. VMI reduces administrative burden, minimizes stock-outs, improves cash flow (by reducing inventory in the supply chain), and fosters collaboration between supplier and customer.	Aggregate Planning (or Sales & Operations Planning, S&OP) is a collaborative, iterative process that balances demand and supply at a high level—typically grouping products into families and planning over a 3–18 month horizon. Developed formally by Tom Wallace and popularized through APICS, aggregate planning helps organizations align sales forecasts, production capacity, inventory, and workforce to meet demand efficiently while managing costs. It serves as the bridge between strategic business plans and detailed operational execution.