Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| UCLA Prostate Cancer Index× | Cancer Worry Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Onkolojia | Onkolojia |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1998 | 1991 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Litwin, M. S., et al. | Lerman, C., et al. |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Litwin, M. S., Hays, R. D., Fink, A., Ganz, P. A., Leake, B., & Brook, R. H. (1998). The UCLA Prostate Cancer Index: development, reliability, and validity of a health-related quality of life measure. Med Care, 36(7), 1002–1012. DOI ↗ | Lerman, C., Trock, B., Rimer, B. K., Jepson, C., Brody, D., & Boyce, A. (1991). Psychological side effects of breast cancer screening. Health Psychol, 10(1), 259–267. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | UCLA PCI, PCI | CWS |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The UCLA Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA PCI) is a 20-item, prostate-cancer-specific quality-of-life instrument focused on functional outcomes (urinary, sexual, bowel) rather than general cancer QoL. Developed by Litwin et al. in 1998, it has become the standard functional assessment tool in prostate cancer outcomes research, particularly for treatment comparison studies evaluating surgical vs. radiation outcomes. | The Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) is a brief 8-item instrument assessing the degree to which cancer-related worry interferes with daily functioning and emotional well-being. Developed by Lerman et al. in 1991, it quantifies cancer-related anxiety and distress—psychological burden distinct from symptom burden and functional impairment. It is widely used in cancer screening, treatment, and survivorship contexts to identify patients requiring psychological support. |
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