Linganisha mbinu

	Kuweka Nambari kwa Njia ya Turbo na Uondoaji wa Nambari kwa Njia ya Iterative	Misimbo ya Polar yenye Uondoaji Mfululizo
Nyanja	Mawasiliano ya Simu	Mawasiliano ya Simu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1993	2009
Mwanzilishi	Claude Berrou, Alain Glavieux, and Punya Thitimajshima	Erdal Arikan
Aina	iterative error-correcting code	recursive error-correcting code
Chanzo asilia	Berrou, C., Glavieux, A., & Thitimajshima, P. (1993). Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 1064-1070.	Arikan, E. (2009). Channel polarization: A method for constructing capacity-achieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 55(7), 3051-3073.
Majina mbadala	iterative decoding, concatenated codes	channel polarization, recursive codes
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Turbo codes, introduced by Berrou, Glavieux, and Thitimajshima in 1993, are a landmark in channel coding history. They achieve performance within 0.5 dB of the Shannon limit—the theoretical boundary for reliable communication—a feat previously thought impossible with practical complexity. Turbo codes use concatenated convolutional codes with an interleaver and iterative decoding via belief propagation. They were adopted in 3G (UMTS) and remain important in 4G/5G systems alongside LDPC codes.	Polar codes, introduced by Erdal Arikan in 2009, are the first constructive family of codes proven to achieve the Shannon capacity of symmetric binary-input memoryless channels. They use recursive construction and successive cancellation decoding, a simple greedy algorithm with theoretical guarantees. Polar codes were adopted in 5G NR for control channel coding and are studied for future 6G systems. Unlike turbo and LDPC codes (which are empirical), polar codes provide rigorous theoretical foundations.