Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Uhawilishaji wa Kiroho (STS)	Kiwango cha Mwelekeo wa Dini wa Utafutaji
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Dini	Saikolojia ya Dini
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1999	1976
Mwanzilishi	Ralph L. Piedmont	Daniel C. Batson & W. Larry Ventis
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality have a place in personality science? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 3–13.	Batson, C. D., & Ventis, W. L. (1982). The Religious Experience: A Social-Psychological Perspective. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195030761.
Majina mbadala	STS, Spiritual Transcendence	Quest Scale, Religious Quest
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS), developed by Piedmont in 1999, is a 24-item self-report measure of spiritual transcendence: the human capacity to experience connection to something beyond oneself—whether understood as God, nature, humanity, or the sacred. The STS conceptualizes spiritual transcendence as a personality trait distinct from religious adherence or institutional participation, measured through three facets: Prayer Fulfillment (satisfaction from spiritual practices), Universality (sense of interconnection with all people and life), and Connectedness (sense of deep connection to the divine or sacred). The scale has become influential in understanding spirituality as a psychological dimension orthogonal to the Big Five personality traits.	The Quest Scale, developed by Batson and Ventis (1976), is a 12-item self-report measure of a third religious orientation beyond Allport and Ross's intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. The 'quest' orientation reflects an open, questioning approach to religion: someone who views faith as an ongoing journey of exploration and doubt rather than a settled worldview or instrumental tool. High quest scorers embrace existential uncertainty, seek genuine answers to life's deepest questions, and are comfortable with religious doubt and revision. The scale has become important in understanding mature religious development and predicting prosocial behavior, openness, and psychological flexibility.