Linganisha mbinu

	Trail Making Test	Kipimo cha Hali ya Akili cha Kawaida (Mini-Mental State Examination - MMSE)
Nyanja	Neurosaikolojia	Neurosaikolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1958	1975
Mwanzilishi	Ralph Reitan	Marshall Folstein
Aina	Clinician-administered neuropsychological test of attention and executive function	Clinician-administered cognitive screening instrument
Chanzo asilia	Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8(3), 271-276.	Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198.
Majina mbadala	TMT, Trails A, Trails B, Trail Making A	MMSE, Folstein MMSE
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a simple, brief neuropsychological test developed by Reitan in 1958 that measures visuomotor processing speed, attention, and executive function. The TMT comprises two forms: Part A, which assesses basic processing speed and visual scanning, and Part B, which assesses executive function, task-switching, and cognitive flexibility. Despite its simplicity, the TMT is highly sensitive to cognitive impairment across a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions and remains one of the most widely used screening tests in neuropsychology.	The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a brief, 30-point screening instrument developed by Folstein, Folstein, and McHugh in 1975 to assess cognitive function in clinical settings. It is designed to detect cognitive impairment and monitor cognitive decline over time, particularly in older adults and patients with suspected dementia. The MMSE remains one of the most widely used cognitive screening tools in primary care, neurology, and geriatric medicine worldwide.