Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Uongozi Wenye Sumu× | Utafiti wa Ushirikishwaji wa Wafanyakazi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tabia ya Shirika | Tabia ya Shirika |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2007 | 2002 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad | Wilmar B. Schaufeli and Arnold B. Bakker |
| Aina≠ | Observational scale | Self-report scale |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 207-216. DOI ↗ | Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | Destructive Leadership Scale | Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, UWES |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS) is a 16-item instrument measuring destructive leadership behaviors including abusive supervision, narcissism, and authoritarian control. Developed by Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad in 2007, the TLS identifies harmful leadership behaviors that undermine organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. | The Employee Engagement Survey, grounded in Schaufeli and Bakker's Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), is a 17-item instrument measuring occupational engagement across three dimensions: vigor, dedication, and absorption. Originally developed in 2002, the EES assesses the positive psychological state of work engagement, complementing burnout assessment. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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