Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Kuridhika kwa Watalii	Kipimo cha Thamani Inayoonekana kwa Utalii
Nyanja	Usimamizi wa Utalii	Usimamizi wa Utalii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s	1988
Mwanzilishi	Multiple authors (composite instrument)	Zeithaml, V. A.; Petrick, J. F.
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Akama, J. S., & Kieti, D. M. (1996). Tourism and socio-economic change in a Kenyan coastal community. Journal of Tourism Studies, 7(2), 45-61.	Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.
Majina mbadala	TSS	PVST, Tourism Perceived Value
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Tourist Satisfaction Scale (TSS) measures overall and domain-specific satisfaction of visitors to a destination or tourism facility. Developed across multiple research streams in the 1990s-2000s, it quantifies how well tourism experiences meet visitor expectations across accommodation, attractions, service quality, and value. Essential for destination marketing organizations and hospitality managers seeking systematic feedback on visitor experiences and competitive benchmarking.	The Perceived Value Scale for Tourism (PVST) measures visitors' judgments of whether tourism experiences deliver fair value—balancing perceived benefits (quality of experience, emotional satisfaction, novelty) against perceived costs (monetary price, time investment, effort). Rooted in Zeithaml's value perception theory (1988) and extended by Petrick (2002) to leisure contexts, the PVST operationalizes value as multidimensional (not price alone), capturing emotional and relative components alongside financial fairness. Value perception is a critical satisfaction driver and predictor of repeat visitation and word-of-mouth, particularly for experiences with high upfront investment and uncertain return.