Linganisha mbinu

	Mchoro wa Thamani-Tatu wa Kielektroniki (3PL)	Mofumo wa Rasch
Nyanja	Saikometriki	Saikometriki
Familia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Mwaka wa asili	1968	1960
Mwanzilishi	Allan Birnbaum	Georg Rasch
Aina	Item response model / latent trait model	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model
Chanzo asilia	Birnbaum, A. (1968). Some latent trait models and their use in inferring an examinee's ability. In F. M. Lord & M. R. Novick (Eds.), Statistical theories of mental test scores (pp. 397–479). Addison-Wesley.	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.
Majina mbadala	3PL IRT — Üç Parametreli Madde Tepki Modeli, three-parameter logistic model, 3PLM, Birnbaum model	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	The three-parameter logistic (3PL) model, introduced by Allan Birnbaum in 1968, is an item response theory model that describes the probability of a correct response to a binary test item as a function of three item-level parameters — difficulty, discrimination, and a lower asymptote representing guessing — and one person-level parameter representing latent ability.	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.