Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Thermogravimetric	Kalorimetri ya Uchanganuzi Tofauti	Uchanganuzi wa Raman
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Vifaa	Sayansi ya Vifaa	Sayansi ya Vifaa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1960s	1964	1928
Mwanzilishi	William W. Wendlandt	E. S. Watson	Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Aina	Characterization method	Measurement method	Analytical technique
Chanzo asilia	Wendlandt, W. W. (1986). Thermal Analysis (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.	Watson, E. S., O'Neill, M. J., Justin, J., & Brenner, N. (1964). A differential scanning calorimeter for quantitative differential thermal analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 36(7), 1233-1238.	Raman, C. V., & Krishnan, K. S. (1928). The scattering of light by molecules. Nature, 121(3048), 501-502.
Majina mbadala	TGA, thermal gravimetry, thermogravimetry	DSC, differential thermal analysis, thermal analysis	Raman deconvolution, Raman peak fitting, spectral analysis
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3
Muhtasari	Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal characterization technique that continuously measures mass loss or gain of a material as a function of temperature (or time at constant temperature). Developed systematically by William Wendlandt and colleagues in the 1960s, TGA identifies thermal transitions (evaporation, decomposition, oxidation, reduction) and quantifies composition of polymers, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, and other materials. The derivative signal (DTG) highlights transition temperatures. When combined with gas analysis (MS, FTIR), decomposition products are identified.	Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal characterization technique that measures the heat flow required to maintain a sample and an inert reference at the same temperature while both are heated or cooled. Invented by Watson, O'Neill, and colleagues in 1964, DSC directly quantifies enthalpy changes during phase transitions, crystallization, melting, and chemical reactions. It is the standard tool in materials science, chemistry, and pharmaceutical research for determining thermodynamic properties, thermal stability, and kinetics of thermal transitions.	Raman Deconvolution is the mathematical decomposition of experimental Raman spectra into constituent peaks using spectral fitting algorithms. Building on Raman spectroscopy (discovered by C.V. Raman in 1928), Raman deconvolution resolves overlapping vibrational bands into individual component peaks, revealing detailed information about molecular bonds, crystal phases, strain, and defects. This quantitative analysis transforms raw Raman spectra into actionable chemical and structural insights, making it essential for materials characterization, quality control, and scientific discovery.