Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Taratibu za Tathmini ya Wasiwasi wa Mtihani (Test Anxiety Inventory - TAI)× | Kiwango cha Ustahimilivu wa Kielimu× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Elimu | Saikolojia ya Elimu |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1980 | 2016 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Spielberger, C. D. | Cassidy, S. |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Spielberger, C. D. (1980). Test Anxiety Inventory: Preliminary professional manual. Consulting Psychologists Press. link ↗ | Cassidy, S. (2016). The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30): A new multidimensional scale for measuring student resilience as a dynamic process. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1781. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | TAI | ARS-30 |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Test Anxiety Inventory measures the situational anxiety experienced during examinations, distinguishing between cognitive worry and physiological emotionality. Developed by Spielberger in 1980, the TAI provides educators and clinicians with a validated assessment of test-specific anxiety—a prevalent barrier to academic success that affects performance disproportionately to ability. Early identification and targeted intervention can substantially improve both well-being and exam performance. | The Academic Resilience Scale measures the capacity of students to withstand and recover from academic adversity, including setbacks, failures, and difficult transitions. Developed by Cassidy in 2016, the ARS-30 conceptualizes resilience as a dynamic, multidimensional process involving perseverance, adaptive help-seeking, and emotional regulation—not a fixed trait. This instrument is invaluable for identifying students at risk of academic disengagement, evaluating resilience-building interventions, and understanding how students adapt to challenge. |
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