Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Utafiti kwa Njia ya Simu× | Mahojiano yaliyopangwa× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Metodolojia ya Dodoso | Metodolojia ya Dodoso |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1970s (widespread from mid-1970s; Groves & Kahn 1979 seminal text) | 1940s–1950s |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Groves & Kahn (foundational comparative study); CATI systems developed by Charles Cannell and colleagues at University of Michigan | Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century |
| Aina≠ | Quantitative / mixed-mode data collection | Quantitative / mixed data collection technique |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Groves, R. M., & Kahn, R. L. (1979). Surveys by telephone: A national comparison with personal interviews. Academic Press. link ↗ | Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | CATI survey, computer-assisted telephone interview, telephone survey, phone survey | standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | A telephone-assisted survey is a structured data-collection method in which a trained interviewer administers a standardised questionnaire to respondents over the telephone, often supported by Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) software. It combines the efficiency of remote administration with the response-quality advantages of live interviewer guidance, making it widely used in social, public-health, market-research, and political polling contexts. | A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. |
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