Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Dondoo za Uwanjani Zinazosaidiwa na Simu× | Vidokezo vya Uga vya Simu× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Metodolojia ya Dodoso | Metodolojia ya Dodoso |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1980s–1990s (telephone-assisted variant) | 2000s–2010s (digital turn in ethnography) |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Adapted from traditional fieldwork practice; telephone dictation variant developed in qualitative health and social research circa 1980s–1990s | Emergent from digital ethnography practice; theorised notably by Sarah Pink and colleagues |
| Aina | Qualitative data collection technique | Qualitative data collection technique |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813 | Pink, S., Horst, H., Postill, J., Hjorth, L., Lewis, T., & Tacchi, J. (2016). Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. Sage. ISBN: 978-1446287972 |
| Majina mbadala | phone-dictated field notes, telephone field recording, remote field note dictation, phone-assisted observation notes | digital field notes, smartphone field notes, mobile ethnographic notes, in-situ digital notes |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 3 | 6 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Telephone-assisted field notes is a data collection technique in which a field researcher verbally dictates observational notes via telephone — either to a live transcriptionist, an answering service, or a voicemail/recording system — immediately after or during a field encounter. It preserves the immediacy and richness of traditional field notes while enabling the researcher to record observations quickly and hands-free when written note-taking is impractical or disruptive. | Mobile Field Notes is a data collection technique in which researchers use smartphones, tablets, or wearable devices to record observations, reflections, photographs, audio, or video in real time during fieldwork. By capturing data at the moment and place of occurrence, the method reduces recall bias and enables richer, contextually anchored documentation compared with traditional pen-and-paper notes written retrospectively. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
|
|