Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Kuridhika na Tiba-Nje-ya-Kawaida	Kiwango cha Ushiriki wa Mgonjwa
Nyanja	Informatiki ya Afya	Informatiki ya Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2009	2004
Mwanzilishi	Multiple researchers; consensus measure	Judith H. Hibbard, Janice Stockard, Ellen R. Mahoney, Martin Tusler
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Or, Z., & Kartak, F. (2009). Review of the empirical literature on telemedicine in the OECD countries: Does telemedicine improve outcomes? In M. Rechel, B. Goddard (Eds.), Improving healthcare quality in Europe. WHO Regional Office for Europe.	Hibbard, J. H., Stockard, J., Mahoney, E. R., & Tusler, M. (2004). Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Services Research, 39(4), 1005–1026.
Majina mbadala	TSS, Telemedicine Satisfaction	PES, Patient Engagement
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Telemedicine Satisfaction Scale measures patient satisfaction with remote clinical encounters, assessing perceptions of communication quality, technical usability, provider competence, and perceived benefit. While no single universal scale dominates the literature, core satisfaction domains—connection quality, provider accessibility, clinical effectiveness, and likelihood to recommend—are consistently measured across telemedicine studies to evaluate user acceptance and identify barriers to adoption.	The Patient Engagement Scale measures the degree to which patients take active responsibility for managing their health and healthcare. Developed by Hibbard and colleagues (2004), the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) operationalizes engagement as a progression from awareness of health issues through confident self-management, capturing the psychological, behavioural, and confidence dimensions essential for patient participation in shared decision-making and chronic disease management.