Linganisha mbinu

	Technology Roadmapping	Technology Foresight
Nyanja	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2004	1995
Mwanzilishi	Robert Phaal, Clare Farrukh, David Probert (Cambridge T-Plan); Motorola/Corning origins	Ben R. Martin, Irene Miles, and the UK/Japanese foresight programmes
Aina	Time-based strategic-planning process	Participatory future-oriented strategic process
Chanzo asilia	Phaal, R., Farrukh, C. J. P., & Probert, D. R. (2004). Technology roadmapping—a planning framework for evolution and revolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 71(1-2), 5-26.	Martin, B. R. (1995). Foresight in science and technology. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 7(2), 139-168.
Majina mbadala	Technology roadmaps, Strategic roadmapping, T-Plan roadmapping	Foresight studies, Strategic technology forecasting, Future-oriented technology analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Technology roadmapping is a strategic-planning technique that produces a time-based, multi-layered chart linking markets and business drivers, products and services, and the technologies and resources needed to deliver them. By laying these layers along a common timeline and drawing the links between them, a roadmap aligns research and development with strategy, answering where an organisation wants to go, how it will get there, and which technologies must mature and when.	Technology foresight is a systematic, participatory process of looking into the longer-term future of science, technology, the economy, and society in order to identify the areas of strategic research and the emerging generic technologies likely to yield the greatest economic and social benefits. Rather than predicting a single future, it brings experts and stakeholders together to explore plausible futures, build shared visions, and translate them into present-day priorities and action.