Linganisha mbinu

	Technology Foresight	Technology Roadmapping
Nyanja	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	2004
Mwanzilishi	Ben R. Martin, Irene Miles, and the UK/Japanese foresight programmes	Robert Phaal, Clare Farrukh, David Probert (Cambridge T-Plan); Motorola/Corning origins
Aina	Participatory future-oriented strategic process	Time-based strategic-planning process
Chanzo asilia	Martin, B. R. (1995). Foresight in science and technology. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 7(2), 139-168.	Phaal, R., Farrukh, C. J. P., & Probert, D. R. (2004). Technology roadmapping—a planning framework for evolution and revolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 71(1-2), 5-26.
Majina mbadala	Foresight studies, Strategic technology forecasting, Future-oriented technology analysis	Technology roadmaps, Strategic roadmapping, T-Plan roadmapping
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Technology foresight is a systematic, participatory process of looking into the longer-term future of science, technology, the economy, and society in order to identify the areas of strategic research and the emerging generic technologies likely to yield the greatest economic and social benefits. Rather than predicting a single future, it brings experts and stakeholders together to explore plausible futures, build shared visions, and translate them into present-day priorities and action.	Technology roadmapping is a strategic-planning technique that produces a time-based, multi-layered chart linking markets and business drivers, products and services, and the technologies and resources needed to deliver them. By laying these layers along a common timeline and drawing the links between them, a roadmap aligns research and development with strategy, answering where an organisation wants to go, how it will get there, and which technologies must mature and when.