Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Maswali ya Mwelekeo wa Kazi na Ubinafsi katika Michezo (TEOSQ)× | Kiwango cha Motisha ya Michezo (SMS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Michezo | Saikolojia ya Michezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1992 | 1995 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Joan Duda, John Nicholls | Luc Pelletier, Marc Fortier, Robert Vallerand |
| Aina≠ | Self-report achievement goal orientation questionnaire | Self-report sport motivation questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299. DOI ↗ | Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35–53. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | TEOSQ, Task Ego Orientation | SMS, SMS-6 |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The TEOSQ is a 13-item questionnaire measuring achievement goal orientation in sport: the underlying reasons athletes define success and pursue achievement. Developed by Duda and Nicholls in 1992, the TEOSQ has become a cornerstone instrument for understanding athlete motivation, resilience, and response to failure. | The SMS is a 24–28 item questionnaire measuring the motivational reasons athletes engage in sport, organized along the continuum of Self-Determination Theory: from intrinsic motivation (inherent enjoyment, mastery, excitement) through extrinsic forms (identified goals, introjected norms, external rewards) to amotivation (lack of intent). Developed by Pelletier and colleagues in 1995, the SMS has become the leading instrument for assessing sport motivation quality and predicting athlete engagement, retention, and psychological wellbeing. |
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