Linganisha mbinu

	Survey Experiment	Vignette Experiment
Nyanja	Political Science	Political Science
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2011	—
Mwanzilishi	Experimental political science; synthesized by Diana Mutz	Survey and social-psychological research traditions
Aina	Randomized experiment embedded in a survey	Randomized experiment using short described scenarios
Chanzo asilia	Mutz, D. C. (2011). Population-Based Survey Experiments. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691144528	Atzmüller, C., & Steiner, P. M. (2010). Experimental Vignette Studies in Survey Research. Methodology, 6(3), 128–138.
Majina mbadala	Population-based survey experiment, Survey-embedded experiment, Question-wording experiment, Framing experiment	Vignette study, Experimental vignette, Scenario experiment, Text-vignette experiment
Zinazohusiana	4	3
Muhtasari	A survey experiment embeds a randomized experiment inside a survey: respondents are randomly assigned to different versions of a question, frame, or stimulus, and their answers are compared to estimate a causal effect. By combining the internal validity of randomization with the representative samples and rich measurement of survey research, survey experiments — especially population-based ones — let political scientists draw causal inferences about how information, framing, or message attributes shape public attitudes and behavior.	A vignette experiment presents respondents with a short, carefully constructed description of a person, situation, or scenario — a vignette — in which one or more features are experimentally manipulated, and then asks for a judgment, attitude, or intended action. By randomizing which version of the scenario each respondent reads, the researcher isolates the causal effect of each manipulated feature on the elicited judgment, combining the realism of a concrete scenario with the causal leverage of an experiment.