Linganisha mbinu

	Uboreshaji unaotegemea wazee	Ubunifu wa Utafiti wa Uigaji wa Stratified
Nyanja	Uboreshaji	Uigaji
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1989 (computer experiments formulation)	1979
Mwanzilishi	Sacks, Welch, Mitchell & Wynn (computer experiments framework, 1989); Kriging popularised by Matheron (1963)	—
Aina	Metamodel-assisted black-box optimization	Stratified space-filling sampling design
Chanzo asilia	Forrester, A., Sobester, A., & Keane, A. (2008). Engineering Design via Surrogate Modelling: A Practical Guide. Wiley.	McKay, M.D., Beckman, R.J. & Conover, W.J. (1979). A Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code. Technometrics, 21(2), 239-245.
Majina mbadala	Vekil Model Tabanlı Optimizasyon (Surrogate-Based), metamodel-assisted optimization, surrogate modelling, emulator-based optimization	LHS, Latin Hiperküp Örnekleme (LHS) ve Duyarlılık Analizi, stratified sampling design, space-filling design
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Surrogate-based optimization, formalized in the computer-experiments framework of Sacks et al. (1989) and popularized for engineering by Forrester et al. (2008), replaces a prohibitively expensive simulation or physical experiment with a cheap approximate model — called a surrogate or metamodel — and then optimizes that surrogate instead. The surrogate is typically a Kriging (Gaussian Process), Radial Basis Function, or polynomial response surface fitted to a small set of carefully chosen design evaluations and periodically updated as the search progresses.	Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) is a stratified space-filling design for computer experiments, introduced by McKay, Beckman, and Conover in 1979. It divides each input variable's range into equally probable strata and draws exactly one sample per stratum, ensuring that the full input space is covered with far fewer model evaluations than standard Monte Carlo simulation requires. It is routinely paired with global sensitivity analysis — particularly Sobol indices — to quantify how much each input drives output variability.